What term refers to a line of people or vehicles awaiting their turn to proceed?

The term that refers to a line of people or vehicles awaiting their turn to proceed is "Queue." This word captures the concept of individuals or vehicles forming an orderly sequence, typically waiting patiently for their turn for something, such as boarding a bus or checking out at a store.

The other terms do not convey this specific meaning. "Lineage" refers to a sequence of ancestors or descendants in a family tree; it has more to do with heritage than with waiting in line. "Railway" denotes a system of tracks or trains used for transportation, having no correlation with the notion of waiting for one's turn. "Pathway" describes a route or passage used for walking or moving, but it does not imply the waiting aspect inherent in a queue. Thus, "Queue" is the most accurate term in this context.